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Idi Amin DadaIdi Amin Dada Oumee

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Messenger: the rock Sent: 9/17/2005 11:27:37 PM
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Idi Amin DadaIdi Amin Dada Oumee (May 17 May 17 is the 137th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (138th in leap years). There are 228 days remaining.

Events1521 - Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
1590 - Anne of Denmark is crowned Queen of Scotland.
1642 - Paul Chomedey, sieur de Maisonneuve (1612–1676) founds the Ville Marie de Montréal.

..... Click the link for more information. 1928 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar).

Events

January-May
January 6-7 - River Thames floods in London - 14 drowned
January 17 - OGPU arrests Lev Trotsky in Moscow; he assumes a status of passive resistance and is exiled to Turkestan
February - Kurume University (Japan) established
February 11 - 1928 Winter Olympic Games open in St.

..... Click the link for more information. , Kampala Kampala is the capital city of Uganda. With a population of 1,208,544 (2002), it is the largest urban settlement in Uganda. It located in the district of Kampala at 0:19:00N 32:35:00E (0.31667, 32.58333) with an elevation of 3,900ft (1,189 m) above sea level.

Manufactures include furniture and machine parts. Agricultural exports include coffee, cotton, tea, and sugar.
..... Click the link for more information. , Uganda Republic of Uganda, a country in east-central Africa, bordered in the east by Kenya, in the north by Sudan, by the Democratic Republic of Congo in the west, Rwanda in the southwest and Tanzania in the south. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, within which it shares borders with Kenya and Tanzania.
..... Click the link for more information. – August 16 August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 137 days remaining.

Events1777 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Bennington - British forces are defeated by American troops.
1780 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Camden - The British defeat the Americans near Camden, South Carolina.

..... Click the link for more information. 2003 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. It was designated the:
International Year of Freshwater
European Disability Year


Events

January
January 1 -
Luíz Inácio Lula Da Silva becomes the 37th President of Brazil.

..... Click the link for more information. , Jeddah Jeddah (also Jedda, Jiddah, or Juddah; Arabic: جدّة Ǧiddah) is a city in western Saudi Arabia, on the Red Sea. Founded as a fishing village over 2,500 years ago, it first achieved prominence in 647 A.D., when the Muslim caliph Uthman ibn Affan turned it into a port for pilgrims making the haj to Mecca. The population of the city currently stands at over 2.3 million.
..... Click the link for more information. , Saudi Arabia Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country on the Arabian Peninsula. It borders Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen, with the Persian Gulf to its north-east and the Red Sea to its west. History Main article: History of Saudi Arabia

The Saudi state began in central Arabia in about 1750.
..... Click the link for more information. ) was an army officer commissioned officer is a member of the service who derives authority directly from a sovereign power, and as such holds a commission from that power. Commissioned officers are authorized to use deadly force to carry out the lawful orders of their government, either directly or through orders to enlisted personnel.
..... Click the link for more information. and a President of Uganda President of Uganda is the head of state in Uganda. The role began as a largely ceremonial position, with the Prime Minister holding the true power. The first president was the king of Buganda, due to the power of the monarchist Kebaka Yekka party. In 1966 Prime Minister Milton Obote suspended the Ugandan constitution and became both Prime Minister and President. From this point on the Presidency became the most powerful office in Ugandan politics. List of Presidents of Uganda
..... Click the link for more information. (1971 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar).

Events

January
January 1 - British divorce Reform Act comes into force
January 2 - 66 die in stairway crush at Rangers v Celtic football match, Glasgow, Scotland. See Ibrox disaster.
January 2 - A ban on television cigarette advertisements goes into effect in the United States.

..... Click the link for more information. - 1979 1979 is a common year starting on Monday.

Events

January
January 1 - Sino-American relations: United States and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations
January 4 - State of Ohio agrees to pay $675,000 to families of dead and injured in Kent State University shootings.

..... Click the link for more information. ) whose regime was notorious for its brutality.

Idi Amin was born in Kampala Kampala is the capital city of Uganda. With a population of 1,208,544 (2002), it is the largest urban settlement in Uganda. It located in the district of Kampala at 0:19:00N 32:35:00E (0.31667, 32.58333) with an elevation of 3,900ft (1,189 m) above sea level.

Manufactures include furniture and machine parts. Agricultural exports include coffee, cotton, tea, and sugar.
..... Click the link for more information. , of the Kakwa Kakwa are a tribe situated in northwest Uganda and in some areas across the border into Sudan, originally descended from the Niloti. Former Ugandan dictator Idi Amin was born into the tribe.
..... Click the link for more information. tribe, near Koboko Koboko is a town in the northwestern Ugandan district of Arua, which is close to the borders of both Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is in the western part of the district and west of Arua town. From Koboko, one can proceed along the road from Arua town to Oraba on the Ugandan border, known as Kaya on the Sudanese side, north to Yei.
..... Click the link for more information. in the West Nile Arua Arua is a district in northwestern Uganda. Like other Ugandan districts, it shares its name with its administrative center. Located in a corner of the country that borders both Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a significant amount of local economic activity is the result of cross-border trade. The district is the birthplace of former President Idi Amin. The district was a springboard for some units of the Uganda People's Defense Force who entered the DRC at the beginning of the Second Congo War.
..... Click the link for more information. district. Although he was a Kakwa, the only language he ever spoke fluently was Luganda, the tongue of Uganda's largest tribe, the Baganda. He was deserted by his father at an early age and brought up by his mother, who was thought to be a witch doctor witch doctor often refers to healers in primitive regions of the world or highly developed ones that believe that maladies are caused by magic and are therefore best cured by it, as opposed to science or developed medicine.

The term witch doctor is generally used with negative connotations, as implying that the people who the witch doctor serves are primitive and credulous.
..... Click the link for more information. , and received little formal education.

Amin took tribalism Tribalism refers to a view of society as being divided into subgroups, or 'tribes'. Critics believe that tribalistic views can detract from the unity of society, creating an "us versus them mentality." This phenomenon is named for tribes in particular due to the fact that tribal societies lacked any organizational level beyond that of the local tribe, with each tribe consisting only of a very small, local population. Because of this, "tribalism" has been taken to refer to any situation where society is broken down into smaller, more isolated groups.
..... Click the link for more information. to an extreme by ordering the persecution of Acholi Acholi are an ethnolinguistic group of the upper Nile valley dwelling on the east bank of the White Nile, about a hundred miles north of Lake Albert. The Acholi in Uganda live predominantly in the districts of Gulu, Kitgum, and Pader, a region known as Acholiland. Their language is called Acholi and is closely related to other Western Nilotic languages like Lango, Alur and Luo. By early explorers the Acholi were called Shuli, a name now obsolete.
..... Click the link for more information. , Lango Lango are a tribe in Uganda belong to the Nilo-Hamitic ethnic group of East Africa. They inhabit the central area of Uganda north of Lake Kyoga.

Lango are a group of people who live in present day northern Uganda. they make up about 5% of the 26 million Ugandans. They were originally cattle keepers and subsistence farmers. An area of interest is about the origins of this group of people, this is more so because the tribal groups in east Africa have well traceable origins.
..... Click the link for more information. , and other tribes. Reports of the torture Torture is the infliction of severe physical or psychological pain as an expression of cruelty, a means of intimidation, deterrent or punishment, or as a tool for the extraction of information or confessions.

Torture is an extreme violation of human rights. Signatories of the Third Geneva Convention
..... Click the link for more information. and murder Murder is the crime of causing the death of another human being, without lawful excuse, and with intent to kill them, or with intent to cause them grievous bodily harm. When an illegal death is not caused intentionally, but is caused by recklessness (not in Australia) or negligence (or there is some defense, such as insanity or diminished capacity), the crime committed may be referred to as manslaughter or criminally negligent homicide, which is considered to be less serious than murder.
..... Click the link for more information. of 300,000 to 500,000 Ugandans during Amin's presidency have been widespread since the 1970s.

Early careerAmin joined the King's African Rifles King's African Rifles, was a British colonial regiment in East Africa from 1902 until the independence of the various colonies in the 1960s. It performed both military and security functions as noted by its wearing of a grey-blue shirt with its khaki uniforms.

Six battalions were formed in 1902 with one or two battalions located in each of Nyasaland, Kenya, Uganda and Somaliland.
..... Click the link for more information. of the British United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe. It is a Commonwealth Realm, and a member of the European Union and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom or the UK, it is also often inaccurately named Great Britain, Britain or England (the most populous of the home nations). The UK has four constituent parts, three of which — the ancient nations of England, Wales and Scotland — are located on the island of Great Britain. The fourth part is Northern Ireland, which is located on the island of Ireland.
..... Click the link for more information. colonial army as a private in 1946 1946 was a common year starting on Tuesday. (see link for calendar)

EventsJanuary
January 4 - Theodore Schurch becomes the last person to be executed for offences committed under the Treachery Act of 1940
January 7 - Allied recognize Austrian republic with 1937 borders - the country is divided into four occupation zones
January 10 - First meeting of the United Nations
January 11 - Enver Hoxha declares the people's republic of Albania with himself as prime minister.

..... Click the link for more information. , rising to the rank of lieutenant after seeing action during the Mau Mau revolt in Kenya Kenya (pronounced as KEN-ya) is a country of East Africa, bordering Ethiopia (north), Somalia (north-east), Tanzania (south), Uganda (west), Sudan (north-west) and the Indian Ocean. Nairobi is its capital and largest city. HistoryMain article: History of Kenya

Fossils found in East Africa suggest that protohumans roamed the area more than 20 million years ago. Recent finds near Kenya's Lake Turkana indicate that hominids like Homo habilis and Homo erectus lived in Kenya from 2.6 million years ago.
..... Click the link for more information. . He was considered a skilled, but somewhat overeager, soldier, and developed a reputation for cruelty. He rose through the ranks, reaching sergeant-major before being made an effendi Effendi (a Turkish title meaning a lord or master) is a title of respect, equivalent to the English sir, in Turkey and some other Eastern countries. It follows the personal name, when it is used, and is generally given to members of the learned professions, and to government officials who have no higher rank, such as Bey or Pasha. It may also indicate a definite office, as Hakim effendi, chief physician to the sultan. The possessive form effendim (my master) is used by servants and in formal intercourse.
..... Click the link for more information. , the highest rank possible for a Black African in the British army. Amin was also an accomplished sportsman. Besides being a champion swimmer he held Uganda's light heavyweight In boxing, the division between heavyweight over 175 pounds (79.4 kg) and middleweight, 147 to 160 lb (66.7 to 72.6 kg). Throughout history this division's fighters have been overshadowed by the two more glamorous divisions it is sandwiched between. Nevertheless, the light heavyweight class has produced some of boxing's greatest champions; Archie Moore, Billy Conn, Evander Holyfield, Michael Spinks and Bob Foster-to name a few.
..... Click the link for more information. boxing Boxing is a combat sport. In both amateur and professional versions, the fighters wear padded gloves, attacking and defending only with fists. Each bout generally lasts for three minutes and the winner is the one who lands the most punches or knocks out his opponent. Boxing is also called Pugilism and prizefighting.
..... Click the link for more information. championship from 1951 1951 was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar.

EventsJanuary
January 9 - United Nations headquarters officially opens (New York City).
January 15 - Ilse Koch, The "Witch of Buchenwald," wife of the commandant of the Buchenwald concentration camp, is sentenced to life imprisonment in a court in West Germany.

..... Click the link for more information. to 1960.

After independence in October 1962, Milton Obote, Uganda's first prime minister, rewarded his loyalty by promoting him to captain in 1963 and deputy commander of the army in 1964. In 1965 Obote and Amin were implicated in a deal to smuggle gold, coffee, and ivory out of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. A parliamentary investigation demanded by President Frederick Walugembe Mutesa II (also the Kabaka (King) of Buganda, popularly known as King Freddie), put Obote on the defensive; he promoted Amin to general and made him chief-of-staff, had five ministers arrested, suspended the 1962 constitution, and declared himself as the new president. King Freddie was forced into exile in Britain in 1966 where he died in 1969.

Amin began recruiting members of his own tribe into the army as well as many Muslims from his West Nile area to the northwest of Uganda near the Sudan border. Relations with Obote began to sour. Obote first responded by putting Amin under house arrest, and when this failed, Amin was given a non-executive position in the army.

Seizure of power
Amin's regime was infamous worldwide.After hearing that Obote was planning to arrest him for misappropriating army funds, he seized power in a coup on January 25, 1971, when Obote was attending a Commonwealth summit meeting in Singapore. He was assisted by Rwandan exiles, whom Obote had targeted as enemies. Obote stayed in exile, and Amin declared himself the new President.

Idi Amin was initially welcomed both within Uganda and by the international community. He gave King Mutesa II, who had died in exile, a state burial in April 1971, freed many political prisoners, and disbanded the Secret Police, the General Service Unit. He promised to hold elections within months. Many foreign journalists considered him a somewhat comical and eccentric figure. He was fond of racing cars (of which he owned several), boxing, and Disney cartoons.

His light-hearted and often childish public persona hid an inner brutality, however. Shortly after taking power Amin established "killer squads" to hunt down and murder Obote's supporters as well as much of the intelligentsia, whom he distrusted. Military leaders who had not supported the coup were executed, many by beheading.

Obote took refuge in Tanzania, from whence he attempted to regain the country through a military invasion from Tanzania in September 1972, without success. Obote supporters within the Ugandan army, mainly from the Acholi and Lango tribes, were also involved in the invasion. Amin retaliated by bombing Tanzanian towns, and purging the army of Acholi and Lango officers. The ethnic violence grew to include the whole of the army, and then Ugandan civilians, Amin becoming more and more paranoid. The Nile Mansions Hotel in Kampala became infamous as Amin's interrogation and torture centre.

On August 4, 1972, Amin gave Uganda's 70,000 Asian-born citizens who held British passports 90 days to leave the country, following an alleged dream in which, he claimed, God told him to expel them. Those who remained were deported from the cities to the countryside. The same year he severed diplomatic relations with Israel, and in 1976 with Britain. In 1972, Amin turned to Colonel Muammar Al Qadhafi of Libya and the Soviet Union for support.

Amin had strong links to the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO). The Israeli embassy was offered to them as headquarters; and Flight 139, the Air France A-300B Airbus hijacked from Athens on June 27 1976, was invited by Amin to stop at Entebbe International Airport in Entebbe town, 32 km away from Kampala. The hijackers demanded the release of 53 PLO prisoners in return for the 256 hostages, and were assisted by Amin's troops. Amin visited the hostages more than once. On July 3, 1976, Israeli paratroopers attacked the airport and freed all of the hostages but one 75-year-old woman, Dora Bloch, who had been taken to a hospital before the rescue. Uganda's air force was badly crippled as its fighter jets were destroyed in the action (see also Operation Entebbe).

The success of the operation largely contributed to his downfall, increased resistance and sabotage operations crippled the nation during his final years. Partly on the basis of his "visions" and this behaviour, Idi Amin is often believed to have suffered from neurosyphilis: Deborah Hayden makes the case for this hypothesis in her Pox: Genius, Madness and the Mysteries of Syphilis.

As the years went on, Amin became increasingly erratic and outspoken. He had his tunics specially lengthened so that he could wear many World War II medals, including the Military Cross and Victoria Cross. He also granted himself a number of official titles, even extending the original "His Excellency President for Life, Field Marshal Al Hadji Doctor Idi Amin, VC, DSO, MC, Lord of All the Beasts of the Earth and Fishes of the Sea, and Conqueror of the British Empire in Africa in General and Uganda in Particular" with "Big Daddy" and, bizarrely, "King of Scotland".

In October 1978 Amin ordered the invasion of Tanzania while at the same time attempting to cover up an army mutiny. With help of Libyan troops, Amin tried to annex Kagera, the northern province of Tanzania. Tanzania, under president Julius Nyerere, began a counter attack, enlisting the country's population of Ugandan exiles.

On 11 April 1979, Amin was forced to quit the capital, Kampala. The Tanzanian army took the city with the help of the Ugandan and Rwandan guerrillas.

ExileAmin fled to exile, first in Libya, where sources are divided on whether he remained until December 1979 or 1980, before finding final asylum in Saudi Arabia. He opened a bank account in Jeddah and resided there, subsisting on a government stipend. The new Ugandan government chose to keep him exiled, saying that Amin would face war crimes charges if he ever returned.

On July 20, 2003, one of his wives, Madina, reported that he was near death in a coma at the King Faisal specialist hospital in Jeddah. She pleaded with Uganda's president Yoweri Museveni that he might return to die in Uganda. The reply was that if he returned, he would have to "answer for his sins". Idi Amin died in Saudi Arabia on August 16, 2003, and was buried in Jeddah.

On August 17, 2003 David Owen told an interviewer for BBC Radio 4 that while he was the United Kingdom's British Foreign Secretary (1977-1979), he had suggested to have Amin assassinated. His idea was directly rejected. Owen said, "Amin's regime was the worst of all. It's a shame that we allowed him to keep in power for so long."




Messenger: the rock Sent: 9/18/2005 12:05:51 AM
Reply

my computer crash and i did'n have a chanse to edit.


Messenger: Ark I Sent: 9/18/2005 1:05:11 AM
Reply

Rock, the I can copy the reasoning, edit it and post it again, and then I will erase the original reasoning, so that your edited reasoning will be on top.


Ark I
RasTafarI
Haile Selassie I


Messenger: the rock Sent: 9/18/2005 10:40:27 AM
Reply

http://www.moreorless.au.com/killers/amin.html



Idi Amin
Full name Idi Amin Dada Oumee. AKA 'Big Daddy', AKA 'Butcher of Africa', AKA 'Conqueror of the British Empire', AKA 'Lord of All the Beasts of the Earth and Fishes of the Sea'.

Country: Uganda.

Kill tally: 100,000-500,000 (most sources say 300,000).

Background: The British Government declares Uganda its protectorate in 1894. Surrounding kingdoms are incorporated, with the borders becoming fixed in 1914. Independence is achieved peacefully on 9 October 1962 but rising tensions between the country's different ethnic groups see Prime Minister Milton Obote impose a new republican constitution establishing himself as president and abolishing all the country's kingdoms. Ethnic tensions continue to rise. Idi Amin seizes power in a coup in January 1971.

Mini biography: Born between 1923 and 1925 into the Kakwa tribe in Koboko, near Arua in the northwest corner of Uganda, close to the borders with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan. His father is a farmer and a follower of Islam. His mother is a member of the Lugbara tribe and is said to practice sorcery.

(Amin's younger brother, Amule, claims that Amin was in fact born in Kampala, the capital of Uganda, where their father was working as a policeman at the time.)

Amin's parents separate soon after his birth. Amin is raised by his mother, who becomes a camp follower of the King's African Rifles, a regiment of the British colonial army. She will have more children from other relationships, with Amin becoming the third of eight siblings.
Amin receives only a rudimentary education but excels at sports and reportedly converts to Islam at an early age.

1946 - He joins the King's African Rifles as an assistant cook. In 1948 he is promoted to corporal. By 1958 he is sergeant-major and platoon commander.

1951 - Amin becomes the heavyweight boxing champion of Uganda, holding the title until 1960.

1952 - He serves in the British action against the Mau Mau revolt in Kenya (1952-56) and is described by officials as "a splendid type and a good (rugby) player, but virtually bone from the neck up, and needs things explained in words of one letter."

One former commander remembers Amin "as a splendid and reliable soldier and a cheerful and energetic man." Another former commander describes Amin as "an incredible person who certainly isn't mad - very shrewd, very cunning and a born leader."

1959 - He is made a warrant officer with the rank of 'effendi', a position specially created by the colonial army for noncommissioned Africans with leadership potential.

1961 - He rises to the rank of lieutenant, becoming one of only two native Ugandans to be commissioned during British rule.

1962 - Troops under Amin's command commit the 'Turkana Massacre' while conducting an operation to suppress cattle stealing by tribesmen spilling into the north of Uganda from the neighbouring Turkana region of Kenya. Investigations by the British authorities in Kenya reveal that the victims of the massacre had been tortured, beaten to death and, in some cases, buried alive. However, with Uganda's independence only months away, the authorities decide against court-martialling Amin for his "overzealous" methods.

Uganda achieves independence from Britain on 9 October. The new nation is led by Prime Minister Milton Obote, who Amin supports. Overlooking the charges of torture, Obote promotes Amin to major in 1963 and to colonel and deputy commander of the army and air force in 1964, the same year that Amin helps put down an army mutiny at Jinja, Uganda's second city.

Shortly after independence Amin is sent to Israel on a paratrooper training course. He will become a favourite of the Israelis when he acts as a conduit for the supply of arms and ammunition to Israeli-backed rebels fighting a war in southern Sudan.

1966 - Amin backs Obote when a financial scandal and opposition from the kingdom of Buganda causes the prime minister to suspend the constitution. Obote imposes a new republican constitution establishing himself as president and abolishing all the country's kingdoms. Amin is placed in charge of the military operation against the king of Buganda.

He is subsequently promoted to major-general and appointed chief of the army and air force. He begins to build a support base in the army by recruiting from his own Kakwa tribe. However, his relations with Obote start to sour.

1969 - In December an unsuccessful attempt is made to assassinate Obote. Brigadier Pierino Okoya, the deputy chief of the army and Amin's sole rival among senior army officers, tells Obote and Amin that the net is closing in on the perpetrators and that all will be revealed at a second meeting scheduled for 26 January 1970.

1970 - On 25 January Okoya and his wife are shot dead at their home. Relations between Obote and Amin deteriorate further following the murder. In November Obote removes Amin from his command positions and places him in an administrative role.

1971 - Amin discovers that Obote intends to arrest him on charges of misappropriating millions of dollars of military funds. On 25 January, while Obote is out of the country attending the Commonwealth conference in Singapore, Amin stages a coup that is later reported to have been backed by Israel and welcomed by the British.

Amin's military government accuses Obote and his regime of corruption, economic mismanagement, suppressing democracy, and failing to maintain law and order. Obote later calls Amin "the greatest brute an African mother has ever brought to life".

The coup is initially supported by Ugandans, with Amin promising to abolish Obote's secret police, free all political prisoners, introduce economic reforms, and quickly return the country to civilian rule. However, elections will never be held during Amin's reign.

"I am not an ambitious man, personally," Amin says after taking power, "I am just a soldier with a concern for my country and its people."

Amin is declared president and chief of the armed forces. Almost immediately he initiates mass executions of officers and troops he believes to be loyal to Obote. Thirty-two army officers die when dynamite blows up the cell in which they are being held at the Makindye Prison in Kampala. Overall, as many as two-thirds of the army's 9,000 soldiers are executed during Amin's first year in power.

In foreign affairs, Amin is initially pro-West and inclined towards Britain and Israel. His Amin receives only a rudimentary education but excels at sports and reportedly converts to Islam at an early age.

1946 - He joins the King's African Rifles as an assistant cook. In 1948 he is promoted to corporal. By 1958 he is sergeant-major and platoon commander.

1951 - Amin becomes the heavyweight boxing champion of Uganda, holding the title until 1960.

1952 - He serves in the British action against the Mau Mau revolt in Kenya (1952-56) and is described by officials as "a splendid type and a good (rugby) player, but virtually bone from the neck up, and needs things explained in words of one letter."

One former commander remembers Amin "as a splendid and reliable soldier and a cheerful and energetic man." Another former commander describes Amin as "an incredible person who certainly isn't mad - very shrewd, very cunning and a born leader."

1959 - He is made a warrant officer with the rank of 'effendi', a position specially created by the colonial army for noncommissioned Africans with leadership potential.

1961 - He rises to the rank of lieutenant, becoming one of only two native Ugandans to be commissioned during British rule.

1962 - Troops under Amin's command commit the 'Turkana Massacre' while conducting an operation to suppress cattle stealing by tribesmen spilling into the north of Uganda from the neighbouring Turkana region of Kenya. Investigations by the British authorities in Kenya reveal that the victims of the massacre had been tortured, beaten to death and, in some cases, buried alive. However, with Uganda's independence only months away, the authorities decide against court-martialling Amin for his "overzealous" methods.

Uganda achieves independence from Britain on 9 October. The new nation is led by Prime Minister Milton Obote, who Amin supports. Overlooking the charges of torture, Obote promotes Amin to major in 1963 and to colonel and deputy commander of the army and air force in 1964, the same year that Amin helps put down an army mutiny at Jinja, Uganda's second city.

Shortly after independence Amin is sent to Israel on a paratrooper training course. He will become a favourite of the Israelis when he acts as a conduit for the supply of arms and ammunition to Israeli-backed rebels fighting a war in southern Sudan.

1966 - Amin backs Obote when a financial scandal and opposition from the kingdom of Buganda causes the prime minister to suspend the constitution. Obote imposes a new republican constitution establishing himself as president and abolishing all the country's kingdoms. Amin is placed in charge of the military operation against the king of Buganda.

He is subsequently promoted to major-general and appointed chief of the army and air force. He begins to build a support base in the army by recruiting from his own Kakwa tribe. However, his relations with Obote start to sour.

1969 - In December an unsuccessful attempt is made to assassinate Obote. Brigadier Pierino Okoya, the deputy chief of the army and Amin's sole rival among senior army officers, tells Obote and Amin that the net is closing in on the perpetrators and that all will be revealed at a second meeting scheduled for 26 January 1970.

1970 - On 25 January Okoya and his wife are shot dead at their home. Relations between Obote and Amin deteriorate further following the murder. In November Obote removes Amin from his command positions and places him in an administrative role.

1971 - Amin discovers that Obote intends to arrest him on charges of misappropriating millions of dollars of military funds. On 25 January, while Obote is out of the country attending the Commonwealth conference in Singapore, Amin stages a coup that is later reported to have been backed by Israel and welcomed by the British.

Amin's military government accuses Obote and his regime of corruption, economic mismanagement, suppressing democracy, and failing to maintain law and order. Obote later calls Amin "the greatest brute an African mother has ever brought to life".

The coup is initially supported by Ugandans, with Amin promising to abolish Obote's secret police, free all political prisoners, introduce economic reforms, and quickly return the country to civilian rule. However, elections will never be held during Amin's reign.

"I am not an ambitious man, personally," Amin says after taking power, "I am just a soldier with a concern for my country and its people."

Amin is declared president and chief of the armed forces. Almost immediately he initiates mass executions of officers and troops he believes to be loyal to Obote. Thirty-two army officers die when dynamite blows up the cell in which they are being held at the Makindye Prison in Kampala. Overall, as many as two-thirds of the army's 9,000 soldiers are executed during Amin's first year in power.

In foreign affairs, Amin is initially pro-West and inclined towards Britain and Israel. His Amin receives only a rudimentary education but excels at sports and reportedly converts to Islam at an early age.

1946 - He joins the King's African Rifles as an assistant cook. In 1948 he is promoted to corporal. By 1958 he is sergeant-major and platoon commander.

1951 - Amin becomes the heavyweight boxing champion of Uganda, holding the title until 1960.

1952 - He serves in the British action against the Mau Mau revolt in Kenya (1952-56) and is described by officials as "a splendid type and a good (rugby) player, but virtually bone from the neck up, and needs things explained in words of one letter."

One former commander remembers Amin "as a splendid and reliable soldier and a cheerful and energetic man." Another former commander describes Amin as "an incredible person who certainly isn't mad - very shrewd, very cunning and a born leader."

1959 - He is made a warrant officer with the rank of 'effendi', a position specially created by the colonial army for noncommissioned Africans with leadership potential.

1961 - He rises to the rank of lieutenant, becoming one of only two native Ugandans to be commissioned during British rule.

1962 - Troops under Amin's command commit the 'Turkana Massacre' while conducting an operation to suppress cattle stealing by tribesmen spilling into the north of Uganda from the neighbouring Turkana region of Kenya. Investigations by the British authorities in Kenya reveal that the victims of the massacre had been tortured, beaten to death and, in some cases, buried alive. However, with Uganda's independence only months away, the authorities decide against court-martialling Amin for his "overzealous" methods.

Uganda achieves independence from Britain on 9 October. The new nation is led by Prime Minister Milton Obote, who Amin supports. Overlooking the charges of torture, Obote promotes Amin to major in 1963 and to colonel and deputy commander of the army and air force in 1964, the same year that Amin helps put down an army mutiny at Jinja, Uganda's second city.

Shortly after independence Amin is sent to Israel on a paratrooper training course. He will become a favourite of the Israelis when he acts as a conduit for the supply of arms and ammunition to Israeli-backed rebels fighting a war in southern Sudan.

1966 - Amin backs Obote when a financial scandal and opposition from the kingdom of Buganda causes the prime minister to suspend the constitution. Obote imposes a new republican constitution establishing himself as president and abolishing all the country's kingdoms. Amin is placed in charge of the military operation against the king of Buganda.

He is subsequently promoted to major-general and appointed chief of the army and air force. He begins to build a support base in the army by recruiting from his own Kakwa tribe. However, his relations with Obote start to sour.

1969 - In December an unsuccessful attempt is made to assassinate Obote. Brigadier Pierino Okoya, the deputy chief of the army and Amin's sole rival among senior army officers, tells Obote and Amin that the net is closing in on the perpetrators and that all will be revealed at a second meeting scheduled for 26 January 1970.

1970 - On 25 January Okoya and his wife are shot dead at their home. Relations between Obote and Amin deteriorate further following the murder. In November Obote removes Amin from his command positions and places him in an administrative role.

1971 - Amin discovers that Obote intends to arrest him on charges of misappropriating millions of dollars of military funds. On 25 January, while Obote is out of the country attending the Commonwealth conference in Singapore, Amin stages a coup that is later reported to have been backed by Israel and welcomed by the British.

Amin's military government accuses Obote and his regime of corruption, economic mismanagement, suppressing democracy, and failing to maintain law and order. Obote later calls Amin "the greatest brute an African mother has ever brought to life".

The coup is initially supported by Ugandans, with Amin promising to abolish Obote's secret police, free all political prisoners, introduce economic reforms, and quickly return the country to civilian rule. However, elections will never be held during Amin's reign.

"I am not an ambitious man, personally," Amin says after taking power, "I am just a soldier with a concern for my country and its people."

Amin is declared president and chief of the armed forces. Almost immediately he initiates mass executions of officers and troops he believes to be loyal to Obote. Thirty-two army officers die when dynamite blows up the cell in which they are being held at the Makindye Prison in Kampala. Overall, as many as two-thirds of the army's 9,000 soldiers are executed during Amin's first year in power.

In foreign affairs, Amin is initially pro-West and inclined towards Britain and Israel. His first overseas trip as president is a state visit to Israel. However, his position changes after he returns from a separate state visit to London that includes a meeting with Queen Elizabeth II.

1972 - Now determined to make Uganda "a black man's country", Amin expels the country's 40,000-80,000 Indians and Pakistanis in the closing months of the year, reportedly after receiving a message from God during a dream.

"I am going to ask Britain to take responsibility for all Asians in Uganda who are holding British passports, because they are sabotaging the economy of the country," Amin declares at the start of August.

The Asians, most of who are third-generation descendants of workers brought to Uganda by the British colonial administration, are given 90 days to leave the country and are only allowed to take what they can carry. "If they do not leave they will find themselves sitting on the fire," Amin warns. The businesses, homes and possessions they leave behind are distributed without compensation to Amin's military favourites.

With the true nature of Amin's regime becoming apparent, the British and Israeli governments begin to back-pedal on their support, refusing to sell him more arms.

Amin then looks to Libya for aid, promising Libyan leader Colonel Muammar Gaddafi that he will turn Uganda into an Islamic state. The Soviet Union also provides aid and arms for a time.

Amin now challenges Britain and the United States, breaks relations with Israel, and throws his support behind the Palestinian liberation movement. British property in Uganda is appropriated, business relations between the two countries are restricted, and those Britons remaining in Uganda are threatened with expulsion.

To secure his regime Amin launches a campaign of persecution against rival tribes and Obote supporters, murdering between 100,000 and 500,000

Among those to die are ordinary citizens, former and serving Cabinet ministers, the chief justice, Supreme Court judges, diplomats, academics, educators, prominent Roman Catholic and Anglican clergy, senior bureaucrats, medical practitioners, bankers, tribal leaders, business executives, journalists, and a number of foreigners. In some cases entire villages are wiped out. So many corpses are thrown into the Nile that workers at one location have to continuously fish them out to stop the intake ducts at a nearby dam from becoming clogged.

The size of the army is increased, and much of the country's budget is diverted from civilian to military spending. Military tribunals are placed above the system of civil law, soldiers are appointed to top government posts, parliament is dissolved, and civilian Cabinet ministers are informed that they will be subject to military discipline.

Ruling by decree, Amin also creates his own security apparatus to identify and eliminate opponents. At its height the security force will consist of about 18,000 men serving in three squads - the Public Safety Unit, the State Research Bureau, and the military police. Amin's Presidential Guard also doubles as a death squad, as well as protecting the dictator from the many assassination attempts made against him.

As terror reigns Uganda's economy begins to collapse, partially through mismanagement and partially as a result of the expulsion of the Indians and Pakistanis, who had formed the country's economic backbone.

The US meanwhile cuts off aid to Uganda, with President Jimmy Carter saying that Amin's policies "disgusted the entire civilised world".

1975 - Amin promotes himself to field marshal and awards himself the Victoria Cross. The following year he declares himself president for life.

During 1975 he stages a publicity stunt for the world media, forcing white residents of Kampala to carry him on a throne then kneel before him and recite an oath of loyalty.

In the summer Denis Hills, a Uganda-based British subject, is sentenced to death by the regime for describing Amin as a "village tyrant". The sentence is dropped only after the British foreign secretary travels to Kampala to plead for Hills' life.

Hills, who is eventually freed, later warns against viewing Amin as a buffoon or murderer, explaining that Amin's "aggressive black
Among those to die are ordinary citizens, former and serving Cabinet ministers, the chief justice, Supreme Court judges, diplomats, academics, educators, prominent Roman Catholic and Anglican clergy, senior bureaucrats, medical practitioners, bankers, tribal leaders, business executives, journalists, and a number of foreigners. In some cases entire villages are wiped out. So many corpses are thrown into the Nile that workers at one location have to continuously fish them out to stop the intake ducts at a nearby dam from becoming clogged.

The size of the army is increased, and much of the country's budget is diverted from civilian to military spending. Military tribunals are placed above the system of civil law, soldiers are appointed to top government posts, parliament is dissolved, and civilian Cabinet ministers are informed that they will be subject to military discipline.

Ruling by decree, Amin also creates his own security apparatus to identify and eliminate opponents. At its height the security force will consist of about 18,000 men serving in three squads - the Public Safety Unit, the State Research Bureau, and the military police. Amin's Presidential Guard also doubles as a death squad, as well as protecting the dictator from the many assassination attempts made against him.

As terror reigns Uganda's economy begins to collapse, partially through mismanagement and partially as a result of the expulsion of the Indians and Pakistanis, who had formed the country's economic backbone.

The US meanwhile cuts off aid to Uganda, with President Jimmy Carter saying that Amin's policies "disgusted the entire civilised world".

1975 - Amin promotes himself to field marshal and awards himself the Victoria Cross. The following year he declares himself president for life.


national leadership" had won him many admirers in Africa.

"(Amin) has the successful tribal chief's compensatory qualities for his lack of formal education: cunning, a talent for survival, personal strength and courage, an ability to measure his opponents weaknesses and his subject's wishes," Hills says.

"It is not enough to dismiss Amin as a buffoon or murderer. ... He is an African reality. He has realised an African dream. The creation of a truly black state. He has called into being a new crude, but vigorous, middle class of technicians and businessmen."

Meanwhile Amin takes up the rotating position of head of the Organisation for African Unity during 1975, but is largely seen as an embarrassment. During the same period Uganda is appointed to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights.

1976 - Amin becomes personally involved in hostage negotiations with Israel when on 27 June pro-Palestinian guerrillas hijack an Air France passenger jet carrying 105 Israelis and Jews and order it fly to Entebbe in Uganda. However he is deeply humiliated when Israeli commandos stage a successful raid and rescue the passengers on 4 July. Only two of the hostages are killed during the 58-minute operation and only one is left behind, Dora Bloch, a British-Israeli grandmother who had been released for medical treatment.

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin later accuses Amin of "collaborating with the terrorists while using deceit and false pretences" during the hostage negotiations. Amin is also accused of allowing the original four hijackers to be reinforced while the negotiations were taking place.

In the wake of the Entebbe raid a furious Amin has Dora Bloch and more than 200 senior officers and government officials executed. He also expels foreigners from Uganda and unleashes a new round of violence, ordering the execution of anyone suspected of opposing him.

At the end of July Britain breaks off diplomatic relations with Amin's regime. Amin declares that he has beaten the British and confers upon himself the title of 'Conqueror of the British Empire'.

1977 - In January Amin accuses the Anglican archbishop of Uganda of conspiring in an invasion plot. The next day, the archbishop and two Cabinet ministers are murdered.

1978 - The price of coffee, Uganda's main export, begins to fall, further damaging the already staggering Ugandan economy

Armed rebellions break out in the southwest, coup attempts become an ever-present threat, and the Libyans begin to cut aid.

In an attempt to divert attention from the country's internal problems, Amin launches an attack on Tanzania, a neighbouring country to the south, at the end of October. Tanzanian troops, assisted by armed Ugandan exiles, quickly put Amin's army to flight and counter-invade.

1979 - Beating back the Ugandan's heavy resistance, the invading Tanzanian forces take Kampala, Uganda's capital, on 11 April. Amin flees to Libya, taking his four wives, several of his 30 mistresses, and about 20 of his children.

After begin asked to leave Libya he lives for a time in Iraq before finally settling in the port city of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia, where he is allowed to stay provided he keeps out of politics. The Saudis provide him with a monthly stipend of about US$1,400, domestic servants, cooks, drivers, and cars. He leads a comfortable life with his four wives in a modest house.

Besides a huge death toll, Amin has left Uganda with an annual inflation rate of 200%, a national debt of US$320 million, an agricultural sector in tatters, closed factories, and ruined businesses.

1980 - Milton Obote returns to power in Uganda following a general election. Obote's second administration is said to be as violent as Amin's, with security forces mercilessly combating an insurgency movement. Obote is once again ousted in July 1985.

1989 - Amin attempts to return to Uganda to reclaim power but is identified at Kinshasa, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), and forced to return to Saudi Arabia.

1999 - Amin gives an interview to an Ugandan newspaper, saying he likes to play the accordion, fish, swim, recite from the Koran, and read. He expresses no remorse for the abuses of his regime and is reported to say, "I'm very happy now, much happier now then when I was president."

2001 - It is reported that Amin wishes to return to Uganda. He continues to be popular in his home province and begins to fund the rebuilding of family properties destroyed by the Tanzanian troops who expelled him in 1979.

The Ugandan Government says that Amin is free to return but would have to "answer for his sins" and would be dealt with according to the law. Amin's relatives are able to travel to and from Uganda, and several of his children live and work there.

2002 - Uganda officially celebrates Amin's downfall for the first time.

2003 - In July Amin is reported to be in a coma and on life support in the intensive care unit of the King Faisal specialist hospital in Jeddah, where he has been receiving treatment for hypertension and general fatigue for three months. He had been admitted to the hospital with high blood pressure on 18 July. It is also reported that he is suffering from kidney failure but has refused treatment for the condition.

The current president of Uganda, Yoweri Museveni, says he will
arrest Amin if he returns to the country alive but if he dies abroad his body could be brought back for burial.

"If Amin comes back breathing or conscious I will arrest him because he committed crimes here," Museveni says, adding that if his body is brought back for burial "we shall not give him state honours. He will be buried like any other ordinary Ugandan."

Amin dies in hospital of complications due to multiple organ failure at 8.20 a.m. on 16 August. He is buried in Jeddah's Ruwais cemetery during a small funeral ceremony just hours after his death.














Messenger: the rock Sent: 9/18/2005 10:44:49 AM
Reply

the frist post came from http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Idi+Amin
i wantd to edit it , but it was a lot of sub info.I have alway want to know about Idi Amin, so if you have any info about him please post.

i give thanks


Messenger: SisMenenI Sent: 9/20/2005 3:17:41 AM
Reply

I am interested in why some Ras sight Idi Amin as a prophet? I asked a sistren in South Africa what the Fari in SA thought of Idi Amin and she said that saying he was a prophet would be like claiming Mengistu as a prophet.. not worthy of that description. I have heard Bobo hail Amin very highly still....

Give thanks for the reasonings..
Blessed


Messenger: Ras Sistren Khamyl Sent: 9/20/2005 3:19:36 AM
Reply

same Bobo who would not release Nelson?


Messenger: Dreadnut Sent: 10/2/2005 12:16:43 AM
Reply

The Bobo see admin as a reincarnate of marcus garvey, some how in Marcus Garveys speeches, "Look for me in the Whirlwind", they saw marcus as admin. Emmanuel Charles Edwards was the one who started that idea.




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