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Messenger: Eleazar Sent: 8/29/2011 10:45:10 PM
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I attended a lecture today by Edwin Black, a columnist and journalist who lectures about the Holocaust and the American Eugenics program. He spoke about the "War against the Weak", the American eugenics program of the early 20th century that helped inspire the Nazi eugenics program.

He spoke about the Rockefeller foundation, the Carnegie Institution, and top level members of academia at Harvard, Stanford, Duke, and Wake Forest being involved in the forced sterilization of thousands of "undesirable" non-Aryan American citizens.

The state I live in, North Carolina, actually had one of the worst eugenics programs. The eugenics program of North Carolina lasted until 1974. 24 American states had eugenics programs and over 60,000 people were sterilized.

I also bought two of his books, IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation and War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race.

I asked him if Prescott Bush, George W's grandaddy was involved in this, and he said that Prescott helped the Nazis.

I will post some from the books when I have time.

Here is Edwin Black's website : EdwinBlack.com


Messenger: Ark I Sent: 8/30/2011 12:30:28 AM
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It would not be surprising if the US instigated the war and used Hitler and Mussolini to weaken Europe, before they step in with their heroics and save the day. But things got a little out of hand and the war spread too close to them.

That war helped them be on top for a long time. And they gained those Nazi secrets they love to use.






Messenger: Eleazar Sent: 10/13/2011 6:25:10 PM
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Here’s a passage from IBM and the Holocaust : The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America’s Most Powerful Corporation p.47-51. I am taking a statistics course right now so I thought it was quite interesting. Dehomag was the German subsidiary company for IBM in Nazi Germany. Thomas J. Watson was the head of the IBM corporation (International Business Machines). Watson was known as "The Leader".

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When Hitler rose to power, German intellect descended into madness. The Nazi movement was not merely a throng of hooligans pelting windows and screaming slogans. Guiding the Brown Shirts and exhorting the masses was an elite coterie of pseudo-scientists, corrupted professionals, and profit-blinded industrialists. Nazi jurists, medical doctors, and a clique of scientists-each with their prestigious academic credentials-found ways to pervert their science and higher calling to advance the cause of Aryan domination and racial persecution.

At the vanguard of Hitler’s intellectual shock troops were the statisticians. Naturally, statistical offices and census departments were Dehomag’s number one clients. In their journals, Nazi statistical experts boasted of what they expected their evolving science to deliver. All of their high expectations depended on the continuing innovation of IBM punch cards and tabulator technology. Only Dehomag could design and execute systems to identify, sort, and quantify the population to separate Jews from Aryans. Friedrich Zahn, president of the Bavarian Statistical Office, phrased it best in recalling the role of Nazi statisticians. “The government of our Fuhrer and Reichschancellor Adolf Hitler is statistics-friendly,” wrote Zahn in Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv (ASA), the official journal of the German Statistical Society. Zahn emphasized that Hitler’s “government not only demands physical fitness and people strong in character and discipline, but useful knowledge as well. It demands not only political and economic soldiers, but also scientific soldiers. Zahn was a giant of statistics. Chairman of the German Statistical Society and president from 1931 to 1936 of the International Statistical Institute, Zahn was by virtue of his prestigious international standing also an honorary member of the American Statistical Association. He was also a contributing member to the SS since the first days of the Hitler regime. Zahn was among those chiefly responsible for the immediate ouster of Jews from the German Statistical Society. The ASA, and technical journals like it, were closely followed at Dehomag since the publication was a virtual roadmap to the desires of Nazi statistical hierarchy. Anyone active in the statistics world read it. No IBM office, even in the United States, could afford to overlook a subscription. Within the pages of the ASA and similar statistical technical journals, Dehomag management and engineers could review proven statistical methodology that sought to step-by-step identify the Jews as undesirables. In many cases, ASA articles were written in conjunction with Dehomag experts, describing the tedious technical workings of specific IBM equipment, but more importantly how they were applied or could be applied to Reich policy and programs. From the very onset, the scientific soldiers of Hitler’s statistical shock troops openly published their mission statement. “Above all,” wrote Prof. Dr. Johannes Muller, in a 1934 edition of ASA, “remember that several very important problems are being tackled currently, problems of an ideological nature. One of those problems is race politics, and this problem must be viewed in a statistical light.” Muller, president of the Thuringen Statistical Office, made his comments in a revealing 1934 ASA article entitled “The Position of Statistics in the New Reich.” About the same time, Dr. Karl Keller, writing in an article, “The Question of Race Statistics,” made clear that Jewish blood was to be traced as far back as possible. “If we differentiate in statistics between Aryans and Non-Aryans, we in essence talk about Jews and non-Jews. In any case, we will not look at religious affiliation alone but also ancestry.” Like other Nazis, Keller was looking ahead to the domination of all Europe. Keller added, “beyond agreeing on the definition of race, we must move toward agreement on the number of races, at least as far as Europe is concerned . . . in reality, the Jews are not a race, but a mix of several races.” Drawing on the emerging pseudo-academic notions of the exploding race science field in Germany, Keller urged doctors to examine the population for racial characteristics and faithfully record the information. “However, not every physician can carry out these examinations,” Keller cautioned. “The physician must also undergo special anthropological training. “The only way to eliminate any mistakes,” Keller insisted, “is the registration of the entire population. How is this to be done?” Keller demanded “the establishment of mandatory personal genetic-biographical forms . . . Nothing would hinder us,” he assured, “from using these forms to enter any important information which can be used by race scientists.” Zahn, in his writings, was explicit in the need to annihilate inferior ethnic groups. In his 1937 ASA article entitled “Development of German Population Statistics through Genetic-Biological Stock-Taking, Zahn specified, “population politics, based on the principles of racial hygiene, must promote valuable genetic stock. It must prevent the fertility of inferior life and genetic degeneration. In other words, this means the targeted selection and promotion of superior life and an eradication of those portions of the population which are undesirable.” In other articles, and in keynote speeches for statistical conventions, Zahn stressed, “There is almost no area of life in Germany which has not been creatively pollinated by the National Socialist ideology . . . . This is also true for the field of statistics. Statistics has become invaluable for the Reich, and the Reich has given statistics new tasks in peace and in war.” Zahn declared, “Small wonder. In its very essence, statistics is very close to the National Socialist movement.” He added, “German statistics has not only become the registering witness . . . but also the creative co-conspirator of the great events of time.” Indeed, as co-conspirators, Nazi statisticians worked hand-in-hand with the battalions of Hitler’s policy enablers and enforcers, from the Nazi Party’s Race Political Office and all its many allied agencies to the SS itself. Identifying the Jews was only the first step along the road to Jewish destruction in Germany. None of the publicly voiced statements of Hitler’s scientific soldiers ever dissuaded Dehomag or IBM NY from withdrawing from their collaboration with the Reich. By necessity, that collaboration was intense, indispensable, and continuous. Indeed, the IBM method was to first anticipate the needs of government agencies and only then design proprietary data solutions, train official staff, and even implement the programs as a sub-contractor when called upon. IBM machines were useless in crates. Tabulators and punch cards were not delivered ready to use like typewriters, adding machines, or even machine guns. Each Hollerith system had to be custom-designed by Dehomag engineers. Systems to inventory spare aircraft parts for the Luftwaffe, track railroad schedules for Reichsbahn, and register the Jews within the population for the Reich Statistical Office were each designed by Dehomag engineers to be completely different from each other. Of course the holes could not be punched just anywhere. Each card had to be custom-designed with data fields and columns precisely designated for the card readers. Reich employees had to be trained to use the cards. Dehomag needed to understand the most intimate details of the intended use, design the cards, and then create the codes. Because of the almost limitless need for tabulators in Hitler’s race and geopolitical wars, IBM NY reacted enthusiastically to the prospects of Nazism. While other fearful or reviled American businessmen were curtailing or canceling their dealings in Germany, Watson embarked upon an historic expansion of Dehomag. Just weeks after Hitler came to power, IBM NY invested more than 7 million Reichsmarks – in excess of a million dollars – to dramatically expand the German subsidiary’s ability to manufacture machines. To be sure, Dehomag managers were as fervently devoted to the Nazi movement as any of Hitler’s scientific soldiers. IBM NY understood this from the outset. Heidinger, a rabid Nazi, saw Dehomag’s unique ability to imbue the Reich with population information as a virtual calling from God. His enraptured passion for Dehomag’s sudden new role was typically expressed while opening a new IBM facility in Berlin. “I feel it almost a sacred action,” declared Heidinger emotionally, “I pray the blessing of heaven may rest upon this place.” That day, while standing next to the personal representative of Watson and IBM, with numerous Nazi Party officials in attendance, Heidinger publically announced how in tune he and Dehomag were with the Nazi race scientists who saw population statistics as the key to eradicating the unhealthy, inferior segments of society. “The physician examines the human body and determines whether . . . all organs are working to the benefit of the entire organism,” asserted Heidinger to a crowd of Nazi officials. “We [Dehomag] are very much like the physician, in that we dissect, cell by cell, the German cultural body. We report every individual characteristic . . . on a little card. These are not dead cards, quite to the contrary, they prove later on that they come to life when the cards are sorted at a rate of 25,000 per hour according to certain characteristics. These characteristics are grouped like the organs of our cultural body, and they will be calculated and determined with the help of our tabulating machine. “We are proud that we may assist in such task, a task that provides our nation’s Physician [Adolf Hitler] with the material he needs for his examinations. Our Physician can then determine whether the calculated values are in harmony with the health of our people. It also means that if such is not the case, our Physician can take corrective procedures to correct the sick circumstances . . . . Our characteristics are deeply rooted in our race. Therefore, we must cherish them like a holy shrine which we will- and must- keep pure. We have the deepest trust in our Physician and will follow his instructions in blind faith, because we know that he will lead our people to a great future. Hail to our German people and der Fuhrer! Most of Heidinger’s speech, along with a list of the invited Nazi Party officials, was rushed to Manhattan and immediately translated for Watson. The IBM Leader cabled Heidinger a prompt note of congratulations for a job well done and sentiments well expressed. It was right about this time that Watson decided to engrave the five steps leading up to the door of the IBM School in Endicott, New York, with five of his favorite words. This school was the place where Watson would train his valued disciples in the art of sales, engineering, and technical support. Those five uppermost steps, steps that each man ascended before entering the front door, were engraved with the following words:

READ

LISTEN

DISCUSS

OBSERVE.
`
The fifth and uppermost step was chiseled with the heralded theme of the company. It said THINK.
The word THINK was everywhere.
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Messenger: bredren aaron Sent: 10/15/2011 7:13:39 AM
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hitler wanted a superior race,he believed that man should be 6 feet tall with blond hair and blue eyes. Look at his army they are all alike. The u.s. helped promote they war to get out of the recessison they were in ( still in ) and what better way than to help hitler.


Messenger: Eleazar Sent: 12/9/2011 10:47:06 PM
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Here's a link to an article about sterilization in North Carolina:

Thousands Sterilized, a State weighs Restitution


Messenger: Eleazar Sent: 12/19/2011 11:44:57 PM
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I just finished reading IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation.

Here's an excerpt from the end of the book.

p.444
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Days before February 12, IBM broadcasted a global e-mail to its more than 300,000 employees, warning that the book would soon be released and that it would evoke “painful” topics about IBM’s involvement in the Holocaust. Copies of the e-mail were circulated to major news outlets around the world. That warning was followed by a carefully crafted statement: “IBM does not have much information about this period or the operation of Dehomag.” Then a steady campaign of misinformation began. IBM always knew I was working on this book. In 1999, after assembling very preliminary research, I contacted IBM’s corporate archivist Paul Lasewicz for permission to examine the company’s archives in Somers, New York. I offered to share with the company all my findings so that IBM- and the world - could obtain an accurate portrayal of the corporation’s involvement in the Holocaust. Lasewicz approved my access but needed permission from IBM public relations manager Ian Colley to schedule the exact. After I had spent weeks of waiting, and numerous conversations with him, Colley still refused to schedule my visit, claiming Lasewicz’s archive was “understaffed,” in massive disarray after years of neglect, and involved in a time-consuming Internet project. Several prominent Holocaust figures also asked IBM to schedule my access. The importance of the project was stressed, as were the basic themes of identification, confiscation, ghettoization, and even concentration and extermination. The more we inquired, the quieter and more ambiguous IBM became about its intentions to permit a review. Unbeknownst to me, IBM used this time to scour its New York files. Nor did we know that, many months before, IBM had hired a group of litigation historians who search government archives worldwide for incriminating corporate links to Nazi Germany, to tackle the company’s own 8,400 cubic feet of files. We knew that IBM had a history, going back to the Hitler era, of moving files from obscure place to obscure place, losing critical documents, purging records, and even destroying files. After several months, I wrote a blunt letter to IBM chairman Louis Gerstner, openly sending copies to numerous senior executives: “I and others have repeatedly asked sin May of 1999 that I be allowed into the IBM Archives in New York to conduct my research regarding IBM’s role in Nazi Germany and in the Holocaust. Your company has consistently refused to allow me access, indicating the topic of the Holocaust is ‘not a priority’ for IBM . . . . I again repeat my request that IBM stop stonewalling on this issue and open your archive. I also ask that until that moment comes, you order a halt to any and all purges and/or destruction of Holocaust-era documents. I am writing this letter so there will be no question as to the stonewalling conduct now being displayed by IBM.” I wrote several more letters like that to Gerstner, as did esteemed Holocaust historians and archivists Sybil Milton and Robert Wolfe, as well as Jewish media editors who were aware of my work. After stalling for months in the face of continued pressure, IBM suddenly took action by transferring about a thousand pages of their Somers, New York, documents to an academic institution. The documents were “loaned.” But IBM did not “lend” this material to any recognized Holocaust or Jewish archive, such as the Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C., or even the Center for Jewish History Manhattan. Instead, an IBM public relations manager called the public relations director at NYU’s Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies, famous for Biblical-era scholarship. Six boxes were abruptly shipped to the departmental chairman Lawrence Schiffman, an esteemed Dead Sea Scrolls scholar. Schiffman, with no idea what was in the boxes, innocently stored them in them in his office closet. For IBM’s part, the company could tell the media it had donated the files to a scholar- even though the scholar’s expertise was in the study of the Dead Sea Scrolls. At the same time, an IBM employee group in Germany had separately agreed to allow me access to their files outside Stuttgart. Several years before, IBM Germany had arranged for its Nazi-era files to be shunted to an obscure, abandoned IBM warehouse located a forty-five minute train ride away from Stuttgart. A group of former German employees in the “IBM Klub” stored the files in a private Hollerith museum called the House of Data. I flew to Stuttgart in September 1999 for my scheduled visit. But Colley learned of the visit and at the last minute instructed the Klub’s amateur historian to deny me access. On a gray, rainy afternoon, I stood in front of the museum door at the appointed hour, hoping to be let in. But the museum was instructed to shut down that day. Talking only into a door intercom, I repeatedly asked, “What are you hiding?” A voice responded, “You must call Ian Colley.” Later, Colley warned me, “You won’t get access to any IBM facility in the world, no IBM archive, no IBM library.” He told me the company was getting ready to move the Stuttgart documents to another location.
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Messenger: Eleazar Sent: 12/22/2011 2:00:37 PM
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Here is an excerpt from War against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create a Master Race by Edwin Black, p.288-291

This excerpt is about a eugenics project in Jamaica during the 1920's.


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By the late twenties, Davenport and other Americans had created a whirlwind of joint projects and entanglements with German eugenics. No longer content to direct purely domestic efforts, the two schools now eyed the rest of the world. They graduated from discussion and philosophy to concrete plans and actions. Among the most ambitious of these was a project to identify and subject to eugenic measures every individual of mixed race, everywhere. The approach would be along the lines created in the United States. Identification was the first step. In 1927, Davenport proposed a systematic survey of mixed-race populations in every region of the world. It would cover all Africans, Europeans, Asians, Mexicans, indigenous peoples and others who had mixed during centuries of modern civilization. The global search for hybrids originated around February of 1926. Davenport had made the acquaintance of wealthy raceologist Wickliffe Draper, who shared Davenport’s anxiety about human hybridization. The plan was to conduct field surveys using questionnaires, just as eugenicists had done in various counties and remote areas around the United States. But this time they would cover not just a state, not just a nation, but eventually every populated region on earth. They needed a demonstration of the project. Davenport’s first impulse was to survey New York City, but he thought mixed-race individuals would be easier to identify in foreign countries or colonies. “I am suggesting Jamaica,” Davenport wrote Draper on February 23, 1926,” . . . because I take it that there is a larger proportion of mulattoes.” Within three weeks, Draper wrote a check to the Eugenics Research Association for $10,000 to defray the costs of a two-year study of “pure-blooded negroes, as found in the western hemisphere . . . and of white, as found in the same places with especial reference to inheritance of the differential traits of mulatto offspring.” Over the next two years, Davenport’s investigators deftly researched the family backgrounds of 370 individuals, taken from the local penitentiary and from the city center of Kingston. The American Consul in Jamaica interceded with the British Colonial Office to provide special access to the island’s jails, schools and doctors. Some eight thousand sheets of information were generated by field workers and archived in the Eugenics Record Office. But the Jamaica project featured something totally new. For the first time, personal information and eugenic traits were punched into IBM’s Hollerith data processing machines. International Business Machines would be a perfect match for eugenics. People tracking was the company’s business. IBM’s technology involved hundreds of thousands of custom-designed punch cards processed through punching, tabulating and sorting machines. Hollerith punch cards could store an almost unlimited amount of information on people, places, and processes by virtue of the holes strategically punched into their columns and rows. Hollerith processors then read these holes and tabulated the results. Hollerith cards were originally developed for the U.S. Census, and IBM enjoyed a global monopoly on data processing. More than just counting machines, Hollerith systems could cross-reference the data to their plain paper or already-punched street addresses or other geographic identifiers. Hence, people identified with certain traits could be easily located for additional eugenic action. For example, these high-speed tabulators could quickly identify a specific class of eugenic subjects, say, all first-generation morons of Mexican extraction with vision problems. All relatives across extended family trees could be connected to the selected individuals. Or the machines could identify all eugenically inferior residents in a single village, plus their descendants living elsewhere. At the rate of 25,000 cards per hour, IBM machines could rapidly search out the holes, stack the cards and provide seemingly miraculous results. Continuous refinements in high-speed Hollerith technology would soon permit alphabetizing and printouts. As massive numbers of individuals passed from identification to segregation to sterilization and beyond, even the workflow could be managed by IBM technology, using card designs, punching patterns and equipment arrays, each custom configured to a specific use. Mass eugenics required efficient systems. IBM was willing. IBM managers desired the lucrative ERO account, but the process of punching in the hundreds of thousands of existing index cards at Cold Spring Harbor was simply too massive and expensive an undertaking. But if brought into a project at the outset, IBM could cost-effectively tabulate all names, racial information, medical characteristics and other eugenic data. This required IBM engineers to confer with Davenport’s eugenic investigators to jointly plan the program, ensuring that data was collected in a fashion that could be systematically coded and punched into Hollerith machines for later retrieval and management. To design the system correctly, the IBM engineers needed to know both the eugenic information that Carnegie researchers wanted to input as well as how they wanted the results retrieved. IBM always needed to know the end result in order to design the system. In a report on the Jamaica project, Davenport confirmed, “The test records were scored as received chiefly by Miss Bertha Jacobson. Codes for each of the traits to be tabulated were worked out, adapted to the Hollerith punch cards. Ratios were computed.” IBM custom-designed the layout for at least forty-five variables to be punched in on the Jamaica project for later retrieval by eugenicists. Sex and race were to be punched into column 1. Age in column 2. Height in columns 3 and 4. Cranial capacity in column 18. Foot length in column 24. Army Alpha intelligence testing in column 33, and Beta testing in column 32. Information on fingerprints was punched into columns 44 and 45. At one point, Davenport considered securing data from banks about how much money was in each individual’s account and cross-referencing this information against eugenic standards. The 1927-1928 Jamaica race-crossing investigation was the first time IBM devised a system to track and report racial characteristics. Five years later, IBM, under the leadership of its president, Thomas J. Watson, would adapt the same technology to automate the race warfare and Jewish persecution in Hitler’s Reich. IBM custom-designed the indispensable systems that located European Jews and other undesirables, and then provided a multiplicity of custom-tailored punch card programs to help the Nazis trace family trees, index bank accounts and other property, organize eugenic campaigns and manage extermination in death camps. Indeed, a decade later, the SS Race Office employed a punch card with physical attributes specified column-by-column in a fashion almost identical to those first worked out for the Jamaica study. The pilot investigation in Jamaica went well, so well that the Carnegie Institution proudly published a major research volume on the project. Even as the program was underway, in February of 1927, Davenport was confident enough to contact Fischer in Germany and discuss ideas with him. “No one has greater experience in the field than you,” wrote Davenport, “and we shall of course want to get the benefit of that experience.” A few days later, he notified the IFEO secretary in London that a race-crossing committee would be needed “in view of . . . the international nature of the problem.” In short order, Fischer was invited to join the committee. Davenport would chair the panel.
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Messenger: Ark I Sent: 12/22/2011 9:10:58 PM
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And the information recording continues in these times.


Messenger: Eleazar Sent: 6/21/2012 8:01:57 AM
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NC was going to pay compensation money to victims of the state's eugenics program, but the state Senate voted against the bill because of the state budget.

The Republicans argued that if they have to pay compensation money for eugenics, then they might have to pay compensation money for slavery and the genocide of the First Nations people also.


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Payments for Victims of Eugenics Are Shelved
By KIM SEVERSON
Published: June 20, 2012

North Carolina’s novel effort to compensate people who were sterilized under a widespread and decades-long eugenics program that stretched into the 1970s all but died in the State Senate on Wednesday.
Related

Thousands Sterilized, a State Weighs Restitution (December 10, 2011)
Payment Set for Those Sterilized in Program (January 11, 2012)

Despite backing from Gov. Bev Perdue and the State House of Representatives, a compensation package that would have given victims up to $50,000 each was not included in the Senate’s budget.

“I think there’s a very strong message from the Senate they’re not prepared to take it up this year,” said Thom Tillis, a Republican and speaker of the House, who supported paying victims.

Lawmakers will vote on the final $20.2 billion budget later this week and then send it to the governor, but it is unlikely that any last-minute changes will include the eugenics bill.

Victims and supporters, who had hoped North Carolina would be the first of 32 states that practiced eugenics to pay victims, were angry.

“I am just overwhelmed that their mentality is still the same as the politicians who supported eugenics in the first place,” said Elaine Riddick, who was sterilized at 14 after having a baby fathered by a neighbor. “You have done messed up people for life, and this is what you do?”

The state said that Ms. Riddick was “feebleminded” and potentially promiscuous. So her grandmother, who was illiterate and who feared Ms. Riddick would be sent to an orphanage, signed the consent form with an X.

Ms. Riddick, who now lives in Atlanta, took a case against the state to the United States Supreme Court in the ‘70s, but it declined to hear her appeal. She is now working with a lawyer representing a group of victims from other states to consider a class-action suit.

Certainly, fiscal concerns were a factor in the Senate’s decision. If all of the 1,350 to 1,800 living victims came forward, the state could have been liable for about $90 million. But the actual cost was expected to be much less. So far, only 146 living victims have been verified, and an additional 200 requests were pending. The House bill included $11 million for the program.

Still, some senators argued that paying victims of what had been a legal program could lead to paying descendants of slaves or American Indians.

“If we do something like this, you open up the door to other things the state did in its history,” Senator Chris Carney, a Republican, told The Mooresville Tribune. “And some, I’m sure you’d agree, are worse than this.”

North Carolina began sterilizing men and women in 1929 after social workers, county health departments and eventually a state board deemed them too poor, mentally disabled or otherwise unfit to raise children. The 7,600 victims of the program, which was dissolved in 1977, were largely women and disproportionately members of minorities.

After years of pressure from victims, officials began offering public apologies. In 2010, Ms. Perdue, a Democrat, established an office to track living victims as a step toward compensating them.

Charmaine Fuller Cooper, executive director of the state’s Justice for Sterilization Victims Foundation, became part counselor, part detective and part politician. She would try to persuade people to share their medical and family histories so their cases could be verified by state archivists and lawmakers and the public might be moved by their stories.

On Wednesday, the state announced that it would begin to close the office and no longer handle new requests from victims. However, people who believe they or their family members were victims will be able to work with state archivists.
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Messenger: Eleazar Sent: 6/21/2012 8:24:23 AM
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